Long Wing: Primary air supply/extraction system with a Direct Expansion (DX) terminal suitable for cooling (or heating) year-round, depending on local needs.

For all areas of any purpose where human presence is expected, forced ventilation systems have been implemented, with the intake of appropriately treated outside air in quantities required by current regulations.

The new Air Handling Units (AHUs) are located inside dedicated technological rooms from which they feed the afferent spaces. One existing AHU is located outdoors.

The following were installed:

• Three (3) new AHUs in Building L on the basement floor: one for the changing rooms and two for the rooms on the raised, atrium, and second floors.

• One (1) new AHU in the long wing on the third floor that feeds the east-side half-floor. The other portion of the floor will be served by an existing, pre-provisioned AHU.

All AHUs are equipped with a cross-flow plate heat exchanger. Humidification of the air during the winter period is achieved through the injection of sterile steam produced by an existing centralized system, which is fed by indirect steam/vapor generators; the distribution network, equipment, and components will be made of stainless steel. Air is conveyed to the rooms through metal ductwork made of galvanized steel sheet, with the sole exception of laboratory fume hood extraction ducts, which are made of PVC for internal distribution and stainless steel for external distribution. The ducts are fire-reaction class 0; the insulating materials are class 1; and flexible connections are of a class no higher than 1. The system for the Building L laboratories is high-velocity, single-duct, with velocity reduction boxes. The other systems are low-velocity and low-pressure. Air supplied to the laboratories is filtered with EU13 HEPA filters installed on the room distribution terminals. Consequently, an auxiliary fan has been provided in series with the system to compensate for increased pressure drops, along with flow regulation devices, which adjust based on the degree of filter fouling and the level of ambient pressurization, with automatic flow controllers for both supply and return. The supply controller is a self-actuating mechanical type with constant flow; the return controller is electronic and variable flow, actuated by a differential pressure transmitter between the room and the filter. A differential pressure switch is installed on a pilot filter to signal clogging upon reaching the set point value.

The ventilation system will also perform the functions of ambient pressure control, provided that:

• For automatic operation, the system must operate with doors closed, as regulation is subordinate to the pressure gradient between the laboratory and the reference environment (corridor).

• The supply air flow rate is consistent with the fume hood extraction rate (greater than or slightly less, within 10% limits).

Therefore, for baric equilibrium purposes, it is sufficient to regulate only the return flow rate, which will be variable from the nominal value down to the complete closing of the duct. An electronic proportional flow controller is installed on the return duct. As ambient pressure decreases, the pressure transmitter closes the flow regulator to restore the set point (equilibrium) value until complete closure if necessary. Simultaneously, a pressure transmitter on the main duct, downstream of the regulator, maintains constant pressure by reducing the flow rate of the VAV box to which the duct is connected. For rooms with fume hoods, where the return flow rate could be canceled, ambient temperature transmitters have been installed instead of duct transmitters (as in other circumstances) for the regulation of zone coils. Rooms will be in slight positive pressure where practicable to counteract external air infiltration. Rooms with HEPA filters are considered sterile and are in positive pressure; corridors will be in positive pressure relative to all adjacent rooms (excluding sterile rooms); and rooms where pollutants are used and/or equipped with chemical fume hoods will be in negative pressure.

Independent extraction systems are provided for the laboratory fume hoods located exclusively in Building L. Specifically, the following equipment was provided:

• On the raised floor: A provision for a chemical fume hood in the East sector; the supplied sterile hoods are full recirculation with no exhaust.

• On the second floor: Two chemical fume hoods in the West sector; two chemical fume hoods in the East sector; one sterile fume hood with exhaust in the East sector.

Each fume hood is equipped with an autonomous electro-extractor located outside the served room, above the roof. The exhaust is conveyed independently to the fans with PVC ducts (DN 250 for chemical fume hoods; DN 200 for sterile hoods with exhaust). Any ventilated cabinets placed in the room, given the modest flow rate and the absence of recirculation, are connected to the ambient return ducts.The plumbing and sanitary systems include the installation of sanitary fixtures and potable water supply lines. For every secondary floor distribution, networks for cold water, hot water, and recirculation have been implemented using insulated multilayer composite pipe with an insulating sheath. In the laboratory building, valved connections have been provided inside the rooms for supplying workbenches. Equipment such as sinks, washbasins, safety showers, eyewashes, and similar fixtures have also been connected. A water treatment system has been installed in the laboratory building for the production of demineralized water.In the intervention areas, new UNI 45 wall hydrants were installed in recessed boxes, connected to existing provisions nearby. An sprinkler system was planned to replace the watermist system specified in the tender documents. The sprinkler network was connected to the hospital's nearby fire protection network, which has the necessary characteristics to guarantee operation. Drainage networks, risers, and manifolds were already present and functional in the intervention areas for the activities in place. Discharges of human sewage from restrooms and similar facilities are routed to the existing black water network for disposal via the public sewer system. For the laboratory building, in addition to the black water network (to which sinks and washing equipment are connected), two separate lines were created for the collection of effluents that cannot be disposed of in the public sewer. These effluents must be collected separately and conferred exclusively to specialized disposal companies. Special waste is classified into two categories:

• Hazardous, belonging to family 180103 – will be collected using a dedicated network in four double-chamber polyethylene tanks suitable for storing chemical products. These will be placed in a basement room within an impermeable containment basin with a usable capacity greater than that of a single container.

• Non-hazardous, belonging to family 180107 – will be collected, similarly, within an existing basin with a capacity of 8m3, which has been suitably regenerated to ensure its impermeability.

Six (6) drainage systems are installed in the basement of the outpatient building to remove groundwater that collects over time above the foundation slab level. Floor drains from areas where water leaks might occur from sprinkler systems, cold rooms, and similar facilities are routed to the same sumps.

The use of technical gases is provided exclusively in the laboratory building and includes:

• Compressed air produced by an autonomous central plant.

• Vacuum (suction) produced by an autonomous central plant.

• Helium, nitrogen, and argon, which are supplied from cylinder storage.

All networks are realized using drawn, degreased, and cleaned copper tubing, running from the central plants to the raised and second floors. The main risers are located in the two plant shafts at the extremities of the building.